Ancient india

   Maruts Gods of Thunderstorms  In Hinduism, the Maruts  also known as the Marutagana and sometimes identified with Rudras,are storm deities and sons of Rudra and Prisni. The number of Maruts varies from 27 to sixty (three times sixty in RV 8.96.8). They are very violent and aggressive, described as armed with golden weapons i.e. lightning and thunderbolts, as having iron teeth and roaring like lions, as residing in the northwest,[4] as riding in golden chariots drawn by ruddy horses. In the Vedic mythology, the Maruts act as Indra's companions as a troop of young warriors. According to French comparative mythologist Georges Dumézil, they are cognate to the Einherjar and the Wild hunt. In Scriptures Hymn 66 of Mandala VI of the Rig Veda, the ancient collection of sacred hymns, is an eloquent account of how a natural phenomenon of a rain-storm metamorphoses into storm deities. According to the Rig Veda they wore golden helmets and breastplates, and used their axes to...

  Soma in Vedic Mythology and Ritual  by Anjana Chakraborty |    God Soma is one of the prominent Deities of the Veda. Soma has various characteristic features. These are described as follows: Soma is the God of inspiration, the intoxicant who stirs the minds, lures the Gods and brings them to the place of worship . He is the one of the most popular Gods of the Rigvedic hymns;the entire Ninth Mandala of the Rigveda is dedicated to him. Since the Soma sacrifice forms the main feature of the ritual of the Rigveda, the God Soma is naturally one of the most important deities of that Veda. In the Rigveda, the Soma held the third position following Indra and Agni from the point of view of the total number of hymns dedicated to them. He is also known as Indu or Pavamana; he brings joy into the lives of people. He gives strength not only to mortals, but to the Gods as well. Because of him, Indra was able to slay Vritra. Because of him Agni maintains his sway. Soma caused the...

  Agni upon his mount, a sheep, with flames leaping upwards from his crown     Agni  meaning 'fire'), also called Agni Deva ('fire deity'), is the Hindu god of fire.  As the guardian deity of the southeast direction, he is typically found in southeast corners of Hindu temples.  In the classical cosmology of Hinduism, fire (Agni) is one of the five inert impermanent elements (Pañcabhūtá) along with sky (Ākāśa), water (Apas), air (Vāyu) and earth (Pṛthvī), the five combining to form the empirically perceived material existence (Prakṛti). In the Vedas, Agni is a major and most invoked god along with Indra and Soma.[200 hymns] Agni is considered the mouth of the gods and goddesses and the medium that conveys offerings to them in a homa (votive ritual).He is conceptualized in ancient Hindu texts to exist at three levels, on earth as fire, in the atmosphere as lightning, and in the sky as the sun. This triple presence accords him as the messenger between the deit...

.  Vedic texts  Indra was a prominent deity in the Historical Vedic religion. In Vedic times Indra was described in Rig Veda 6.30.4 as superior to any other god. Sayana in his commentary on Rig Veda 6.47.18 described Indra as assuming many forms, making Agni, Vishnu, and Rudra his illusory forms. Over a quarter of the 1,028 hymns of the Rigveda mention Indra, making him the most referred to deity. These hymns present a complex picture of Indra, but some aspects of Indra are often repeated. Of these, the most common theme is where he as the god with thunderbolt kills the evil serpent Vritra that held back rains, and thus released rains and land nourishing rivers.  For example, the Rigvedic hymn 1.32 dedicated to Indra reads:     इन्द्रस्य नु वीर्याणि प्र वोचं यानि चकार प्रथमानि वज्री ।     अहन्नहिमन्वपस्ततर्द प्र वक्षणा अभिनत्पर्वतानाम् ॥१।।     अहन्नहिं पर्वते शिश्रियाणं त्वष्टास्मै वज्रं स्वर्यं ततक्ष ।     वाश्...

   When was Vedic Hinduism and Brahminism introduced to the Tamil society? What is the earliest reference of Brahmins in Tamil literature or any Tamil inscriptions?  Balaji Viswanathan,  Chennai,   Vedic Hinduism/"Brahminism" in Tamil Nadu is as old as Tamil itself. In fact, most of the ancient Sangam literature mentions Brahmins and Vedic gods. The question is significant given the recent propaganda to paint the Vedic culture as alien and Brahmins as outsiders to the system in Tamil Nadu. அறு வகைப் பட்ட பார்ப்பனப் பக்கமும் ஐ வகை மரபின் அரசர் பக்கமும் இரு மூன்று மரபின் ஏனோர் பக்கமும் மறு இல் செய்தி மூ வகைக் காலமும் நெறியின் ஆற்றிய அறிவன் தேயமும் நால் இரு வழக்கின் தாபதப் பக்கமும் பால் அறி மரபின் பொருநர்கண்ணும் அனை நிலை வகையொடு ஆங்கு எழு வகையான் தொகை நிலைபெற்றது என்மனார் புலவர். -- Tolkkappiyam 2.16 This is the oldest work in Tamil literature and defines the Varna system. [I might also add that the caste system was probably not that strong - as evidenced by t...

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