Kuru

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The Kuru tribe was an Indo-Aryan tribal union in northern India during the Iron Age Vedic period (c. 1200–800 BCE) that formed from the Bharata and Puru tribes. They established the first major political and cultural center of the Vedic Age, located in what is now Haryana and Delhi, and played a crucial role in the development of Vedic culture and rituals. The Kuru kingdom is also significant as the background for the epic Mahabharata.  

Formation and Location

The Kuru union was formed by the merger of the Bharata and Puru tribes after the Battle of the Ten Kings. 

Their territory was primarily in the region of the modern Indian states of Haryana and Delhi, as well as parts of western Uttar Pradesh. 

The first capital was at Āsandīvat, with later capitals including Indraprastha (modern Delhi) and Hastinapura. 

Role in Vedic Culture

The Kuru kingdom was the first recorded state-level society in South Asia. 

They were instrumental in organizing the Vedic hymns into collections and developing the orthodox srauta rituals that shaped Indian civilization. 

The kingdom also saw the growth of settled agriculture, specialized artisans, and the first mention of iron (śyāma ayas) in the Atharvaveda. 

Later Decline and Legacy 

The Kuru Kingdom flourished under kings like Parikshit and Janamejaya but declined in the Late Vedic period (c. 850–500 BCE) after defeat by the Salva tribe.

The traditions and legends of the Kurus continued to be important, providing the foundation for the narrative of the Mahabharata epic.

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