indus valley ciivilisation

 

Ancient India's history begins with settled life developing into the Indus Valley Civilization (c. 2600-1900 BCE), a highly organized, city-based culture with sophisticated public works, trade networks, and a unique writing system. Following its decline due to factors like climate change, Indo-Aryan tribes migrated into the subcontinent, ushering in the Vedic Period (c. 1500-500 BCE), a time of developing social structures and the composition of the religious texts known as the Vedas. This era laid foundations for major religions like Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism, and saw the consolidation of smaller chieftaincies into larger states, leading to the rise of the first great empires. 

The Indus Valley Civilization (c. 2600-1900 BCE)

Origins: Settled agriculture and early settlements emerged by 7000 BCE, evolving into the highly developed Indus Valley Civilization. 

Key Cities: Notable cities like Mohenjo-daro and Harappa were characterized by planned layouts, large public structures, and advanced sanitation systems. 

Achievements: The civilization featured a common written language (still undeciphered), sophisticated trade networks connecting to other ancient cultures, and a uniform system of weights and measures. 

Decline: Around 2000 BCE, the civilization declined, with large cities being replaced by smaller settlements, potentially due to climate change or shifts in monsoons


see video

This video provides an overview of the Indus Valley Civilization:



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